KINDS OF INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA FOR TEACHING ENGLISH
Learning and teaching a foreign language needs a lot of patience, energy, time, creativity and competence. The success of the teaching and learning of foreign language skills including English is determined by a number of factors both linguistic and non linguistic such as the students, the teacher, the methods, material and media or aids used.
English teaching media are very important to help students acquire new concepts of, the skills and language competences. They are many kinds of media which can be used by the teachers in the teaching learning process, but the teacher should be selective when choosing. This paper discusses about Kinds of Instructional Media For Teaching English. This case followed their picture, definition and how to use in English teaching.
CHARTS (1)
A chart is a combination of pictorial, graphic, numerical or vertical material which presents a clear visual summary.
Edgar Dale defines charts as, “a visual symbol summarizing or comparing or contrasting or performing other helpful services in explaining subject-matter”. The main function of the chart is always to show relationships such as comparisons, relative amounts, developments, processes, classification and organization.
Posters (2)
S.L.Ahulwalia’s view: “A poster is a pictorial device designed to attract attention and
communicate a story, a fact, an idea, or an image rapidly and clearly.”
Good’s Dictionary of Education: A poster is a “placard, usually pictorial or decorative,
utilizing an emotional appeal to convey a message aimed at reinforcing an attitude or urging a course of action”.
The poster can be defined as a graphic representation of some strong emotional appeal that is carried through a combination of graphic aids like pictures, cartoons lettering and other visual arts on a placard. It aims for conveying the specific message, teaching a particular thing, giving a general idea etc. Posters exert a great influence on the observer.
Flashcard (3)
Flashcards are small cards with a picture or symbol on them used both in teaching and
in development work. In the classroom, flashcards are commonly used to teach reading.
A picture, for example, of an elephant may be drawn or stuck on a card and the word
‘elephant’ written underneath it or on a different card. The students are encouraged to
associate the pictures and the words through various ‘look and say’ activities and games,
for example, Kim’s game, Pairs, and so on.
In teaching and development work, flashcards may have pictures symbols drawn or
painted on them. They are particularly useful for stimulating discussion in small groups, as well as for sharing information and reminding people of a recommended process with
posters, research the local situation and pre-test them.
Graphs (4)
Graph is defined as a visual representation of numerical data. Graph is fundamentally a tool for expressing number relationships, which is much easier to visualize than can be done if the statement were made only in words and figures. It offers a judicious technique for analyzing, comparing and prophesying of facts which are vital to an intelligent study of a problem.
Map (5)
A map is a flat drawing or representation of an area, such as a village, which shows the location of natural and man-made features and resources. A map is drawn or made to be smaller than real life, and is not always to scale.
In development work, a village or community map made by learners or participants in a project can serve a number of purposes. Communities can think about what resources they lack and plan the most suitable place to build new resources, such as a well or a school. Mapping can help outsiders to become more familiar with an area and with the people who live there. The process of making a map can encourage cooperation between people, by jointly assessing their situation and needs. By using and valuing their own knowledge and perceptions, people may feel encouraged to take action to solve their problems. Maps drawn by different groups of people in a community, for example by groups of young and old people, or by people of different ethnic and cultural backgrounds, will reflect differences in their perceptions, priorities and needs. This may have important consequences for the success of a project. If one group includes features that another group excludes, this may reveal inequalities in access to and ownership of resources such as firewood, water, land or institutions, such as schools and shops. Maps made by students or communities may take several days or weeks to build up, as they gain confidence through the process. Leave any map with the group you have made it with. If you want to keep a copy, make your own or take photographs.
Slides (6)
Among the various types of materials available still projection, slides and film strips are the foremost visual aids. They are of great value in teaching. Slide Projector or Diascope
popularly known as Magic Lantern, is an optical aid to the process of teaching. It is used for projecting pictures from a transparent slide on a wall or screen. As it is used to project
slides, i.e., why it is called a slide projector. It helps in showing the magnified image of the slide. When the figure or illustration is very small and it is required that the whole class should see it clearly, a transparent slid of this small figure is prepared. The slide is placed inverted into the slide carrier part of the magic lantern (slide projector). The slide projector projects its erect image on the well or screen by enlarging its dimension and making the vision more sharp and clear. If he slide or film strip is colored then it would be more attractive. The slide projector is useful for small as well as large groups.
Film Strips (7)
It is an improvement upon slide projector (magic lantern). The device may be used as a slide projector or as a film strip projector. Instead of using different slide for different topics or more slides for one topic, one strip or piece of still film is prepared. Slides produced on films are called film strips. A film strip consists of a strip of cellulose acetate film 16mm or 35mm wide and length 2 to 5 feet. It usually consists of 40 to 100 separate pictures related to a particular subject, topic or theme. These pictures may be connected with series of drawings, photographs, diagrams or combination of these. Such strip or a piece of still film serves the same purpose as served by a number of slides.
Diunduh: 7 August 2014
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